A PhD opens the door to original research that reshapes how we understand the world.

Rooted in independent inquiry, doctoral education develops critical thinking, research, and reflection. In Los Angeles, this work takes shape within one of the most diverse and dynamic regions in the world.

Inquiry takes form in the slow work of reading, writing, and reflection.

This article examines the nature of the PhD, the structure of doctoral education, what students can expect, and why Los Angeles offers a distinct context for doctoral study.

The Nature and Philosophy of the PhD

The PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest academic degree centered on research and original contribution to knowledge. It originated in 19th-century German universities and was introduced to the United States in 1861, when Yale awarded the first American PhDs. By the late 19th century, U.S. universities formalized PhD structures, establishing milestones such as coursework, qualifying exams, candidacy, and the dissertation.

The philosophy behind the PhD is rooted in inquiry and the advancement of human understanding. It prepares scholars to generate knowledge through independent research, to refine critical questions, and to engage with enduring problems across disciplines.

Unlike professional doctorates such as the EdD or PsyD, the PhD is distinguished by its emphasis on original scholarship and its central goal of producing research that advances theory.

A Case in Point: Harry Harlow’s Contribution

Some of the most influential discoveries in psychology have come from PhD research itself. Harry Harlow, trained as a doctoral student at Stanford University in the 1930s, went on to transform how psychologists understand human development.

Through his now-famous experiments with infant rhesus monkeys, Harlow demonstrated that attachment is not based solely on the provision of food. The monkeys consistently chose cloth surrogate mothers that provided warmth and comfort over wire surrogates that only provided milk. This simple yet profound finding introduced the concept of “contact comfort.”

Harlow’s work reshaped theories of child development and influenced practices in caregiving, education, and therapy. His research remains a clear example of how PhD-level inquiry can produce knowledge that alters both science and society.

Program Structure and Educational Requirements

PhD programs share a structured sequence: coursework, qualifying examinations, and the dissertation. The dissertation remains the defining feature of the PhD, representing a sustained contribution to a field.

Admission to PhD programs traditionally required strong academic preparation and high test scores. In recent years, requirements have shifted. Between 2020 and 2023, doctoral programs requiring the GRE dropped from about 45% to 14%. Many programs now emphasize holistic admissions, reviewing GPA, research experience, recommendation letters, and personal statements to assess readiness for doctoral study. This trend has opened pathways for students from a wider range of backgrounds.

Training and Research Experiences

PhD training requires sustained engagement with research. Students often work in close mentorship with faculty members, advancing through a doctoral committee that guides their scholarship. This mentorship is central to the program, as faculty shape research design, supervise dissertations, and model scholarly inquiry.

Training varies by discipline. In clinical psychology, for example, PhD programs include both research and supervised clinical training. In biomedical and physical sciences, doctoral students work in laboratories where collaboration and experimentation define progress. Across disciplines, doctoral education demands persistence, originality, and intellectual independence.

Career Outcomes and Pathways

PhD graduates pursue diverse career trajectories. According to the National Science Foundation, only 36% of new PhDs in 2021 who had secured non-postdoctoral employment entered academia, down from 48% in 2001. Most graduates move into industry, government, healthcare, technology, or nonprofit roles.

Field matters. Engineering and physical sciences PhDs are more likely to enter industry, while humanities and social science PhDs often pursue academic careers.

Postdoctoral positions remain common, particularly in the sciences, serving as a bridge to permanent employment. Salaries reflect sector differences. New PhDs in computer science report median salaries of about $160,000 in industry, compared to $95,000 in academia.

These patterns illustrate the versatility of the PhD. The degree equips graduates for roles in higher education, research, business, public administration, and applied professional practice.

The Los Angeles Context

Los Angeles provides a unique environment for doctoral study. More than 200 languages are spoken across LA County, and no single ethnic group holds a majority of the population. The region’s diversity creates an unparalleled context for research in psychology, education, health, and social sciences.

Doctoral students in Los Angeles engage with this complexity directly. Research often involves multilingual communities, multicultural schools, or diverse healthcare settings. These environments prepare graduates to address issues of equity, access, and cultural responsiveness in their fields.

Workforce studies confirm the need for more PhD-level professionals in California. By 2028, the state is projected to face an 11% shortage of licensed psychologists and related doctoral-trained providers, and a 41% shortage of psychiatrists. Los Angeles produces more doctoral graduates than any other county in California, yet the demand for PhD-trained educators, researchers, and clinicians continues to outpace supply.

Job Outlook and Lifelong Growth

Employment prospects for PhD graduates remain strong. Doctoral-level occupations in healthcare, education, and technology are expected to grow steadily. Mental health counselors and marriage and family therapists, professions that often build on master’s and doctoral training, are projected to grow by 15–18% nationally between 2022 and 2032.

PhD graduates also report some of the lowest unemployment rates of any education level, averaging about 1.6% in 2023, along with median weekly earnings of roughly $2,100. These figures highlight both the security and the long-term value of doctoral education.

The PhD is not only a professional qualification but a lifelong path of inquiry. Doctoral education prepares graduates to continue learning, to adapt to evolving fields, and to contribute research and leadership that shape future generations.

A Transformative Path at Meridian University

At Meridian University, the PhD in psychology is approached as a practice of transformation as much as a pursuit of scholarship. Doctoral students engage in whole-person learning that integrates intellectual, emotional, and relational capacities. Programs are designed to prepare graduates for research, teaching, and applied leadership while also cultivating personal depth and systemic awareness.

Meridian’s hybrid format allows students in Los Angeles to combine in-person classes with online learning, creating a rhythm that supports focused study and embodied growth. Faculty mentorship, collaborative inquiry, and dissertation work anchor the program, offering doctoral students both structure and freedom in their scholarly journey.

For those considering this path, scheduling a conversation with an admissions advisor can provide clarity about how doctoral study at Meridian may align with their goals.